Retaining its distinctive, problem-centred approach, this fourth edition of a successful and now standard text emphasizes the application of theory to real problems which confront Third World policy makers. There are new sections on such issues as: the economic crisis in sub-Saharan Africa; the implications of privatization; the debate between free traders and protectionists; and the impact of the debt crisis. Additional theoretical diagrams have been included and all the statistics, tables and further reading lists have been revised.